4000 لغت اسپانیایی که باید بدانیم

4000 لغت اسپانیایی که باید بدانیم

 

4000 لغت اسپانیایی که باید بدانیم

فرمت: pdf

تعداد صفحات: 274

Contents
INTRODUCTION xi
1 Communicating with Others
Introductions, Greetings, and Farewells 2
Personal Information 2
Greetings and Farewells 3
Communication by Phone 4
Letters, Invitations, and Electronic Mail 4
Parts of Speech 7
Articles 7
Pronouns 7
Possessive Forms 9
Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns 10
Indefinite Pronouns and Adjectives 10
Interrogative and Exclamation Words 11
Adverbs 11
Comparatives 12
2 People and Relationships
Physical Description 16
The Body 16
The Face 16
Hair 17
CONTENTS iii
Personality 17
Family Relationships and Traditions 18
Family Relationships 18
Family Traditions and Special Occasions 20
Friendship and Other Relationships 21
Nationalities and Religious Groups 22
Nationalities 22
Ethnic and Religious Groups 25
World Languages 26
3 The Human Body, Health, and Medicine
Body Parts and the Senses 30
Head and Face 30
Mouth 30
Arm and Hand 31
Torso 31
Leg and Foot 33
Senses 33
Health, Hygiene, and Toiletries 34
Health 34
Hygiene 34
Hair and Nail Hygiene 36
Oral Hygiene 36
Illnesses, Disabilities, and Medical Care 37
Illnesses and Medical Conditions 37
Colds and Gastrointestinal Ailments 38
Chronic and Life-Threatening Disorders 39
Psychological Conditions and Addictions 40
Disabilities 41
Medical Care 42
Medications 43
Dental Care 44
Eye Care 44
Life and Death 45
Stages of Life 45
Death 46
iv CONTENTS
4 Education
Education and School Subjects 48
Early Childhood Education 48
Middle School and High School 49
Occupational Education 50
Classroom Procedures, Materials, and Equipment 50
In the Classroom 50
Class Activities 51
Exams and Grades 52
School Supplies and Materials 53
Computers and Hardware 54
Computer Software 55
Higher Education, Distance Learning, and Technology 56
Higher Education 56
Higher Education Schools and Careers 57
Distance Learning 57
5 Shopping
Buying and Selling, Customer Service, and Transactions 60
Buying and Selling 60
Advertising 61
Colors and Shapes 61
Customer Service 62
Purchases and Payments 63
Places to Shop and Stores 64
Places to Shop 64
Stores 65
Clothing 65
At the Clothing Store 65
Clothing Description and Materials 66
Business and Formal Attire 67
Casual Attire 68
Undergarments and Nightclothes 69
Shoes, Leather Goods, and Accessories 69
Dry Cleaning and Alterations 70
CONTENTS v
Jewelry, Makeup, Hair Products, and Toiletries 71
Jewelry 71
Makeup, Hair Products, and Toiletries 72
Food Shopping 73
Bakery and Pastry Shops 73
Butcher and Delicatessen 74
Fish Market 74
Fruit and Vegetable Market 75
Grocery Store 78
6 A Place to Live
Housing 80
Types of Housing and Surroundings 80
Features and Fixtures 81
Buying and Selling, Renting 83
Buying and Selling 83
Renting 83
Construction, Repairs, and Remodeling 84
Materials and Tools 85
Rooms, Furniture, and Accessories 86
Bathroom 86
Bedroom 86
Dining Room 87
Kitchen 88
Living Room 89
Housework, Chores, and Routines 89
Appliances 89
Chores 90
Food Preparation 91
Activities and Routines 92
7 Work and the Business World
Occupational Fields and Training 96
Banking, Commerce, and Industry 96
Entertainment Industry 96
vi CONTENTS
Health 97
Trades 97
Career Training 98
Workplaces, Tools, and Equipment 99
The Office 99
At the Bank 100
Working Conditions 101
Looking for a Job 101
Labor-Management Relations 102
Rights, Compensation, and Benefits 103
Finance, Business, and the Economy 104
Finance 104
Business 104
The Economy 105
8 Leisure Time
Free Time, Fun, and Entertainment 108
The Arts 109
Music 109
Musical Instruments 109
Dance 110
Cinema and Theater 111
Visual Arts 112
Architecture 113
Painting 113
Sculpture and Ceramics 114
Hobbies 114
Reading 115
Literature 115
Newspapers and Magazines 116
Newspaper and Magazine Sections 117
Television and Radio 118
Physical Activity and Equipment 120
Exercise 120
Sports 121
CONTENTS vii
Team Sports 122
At the Beach 123
Camping 124
Going Out 125
Amusement Parks, Circuses, and Fairs 125
Eating Out 126
9 Getting Around
Transportation, Cars, and Traffic 130
Transportation 130
Cars 131
Traffic 133
Tourism and Travel 135
Tourism 135
Travel Preparations 136
Traveling Abroad 137
Air Travel 137
Travel by Train 141
Travel by Ship 142
Accommodations and Hotels 143
Accommodations 143
Hotels 144
10 Society and Government
Rights and Legal Status 146
Government and Politics 147
Government 147
Government Leaders 148
Elections 149
Parties and Political Ideologies 149
Civil Administration 150
Law and Order 151
System of Justice 151
Law Enforcement 154
Crime 154
viii CONTENTS
International Politics 156
International Relations 156
War and Peace 158
Military Force and Equipment 159
Military Personnel and Organizations 160
Terrorism 161
11 Nature and the Environment
Space and the Earth 164
Space 164
Planets 165
Earth 166
Weather and Seasons 169
Weather Conditions 169
Extreme Weather Conditions and Natural Disasters 171
Weather Report 172
Seasons and Climates 173
Ecology and Pollution 173
Ecology 173
Pollution 175
Farming and Gardening 176
Agriculture 176
Farming and Gardening Tools 177
Trees 179
Flowers and Shrubs 180
Animals 181
Pets 181
Farm and Field Animals 181
Wild Animals 183
Sea Life 184
Birds 185
Insects and Spiders 186
12 Measurements, Numbers, and Time
Measurements 188
Quantities 189
CONTENTS ix
Adjectives and Adverbs of Measurement 190
Numbers and Calculations 191
Cardinal Numbers 191
Ordinal Numbers 193
Calculations 194
Time, Days of the Week, and Months of the Year 194
Time 194
Telling Time 195
Days of the Week 196
Months of the Year 196
EXERCISES 200
ANSWER KEY

 

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